Why Screening Matters

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, but it is also one of the most preventable. Most colon cancers begin as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that develop on the lining of the colon. Over time — typically 10 to 15 years — some polyps can become cancerous. A screening colonoscopy can detect and remove these polyps before they become cancer.

This means colon cancer screening is not just about early detection — it is about prevention. A colonoscopy can actually stop cancer from developing in the first place.

When Should You Be Screened?

• Average risk: Begin screening at age 45 (American Cancer Society guideline)
• Family history: If a first-degree relative had colon cancer or advanced polyps, screening should begin at age 40 or 10 years before the age at which your relative was diagnosed, whichever comes first
• Personal history: If you have had polyps or colon cancer previously, your doctor will recommend a specific surveillance schedule
• Inflammatory bowel disease: Patients with Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis may need earlier and more frequent screening

Symptoms to Watch For

In its early stages, colon cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
• Change in bowel habits lasting more than a few days
• Abdominal pain or cramping that does not go away
• Unexplained weight loss
• Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely